广州汽车集团股份有限公司 汽车工程研究院,广州 511434
DAI Jiangliang, E-mail: hnly_djl@163.com
收稿:2024-09-29,
修回:2024-11-21,
网络首发:2025-02-13,
纸质出版:2026-07-15
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戴江梁,孟祥宇,陈琪. 基于某车型动力电池包底部撞击试验的仿真研究[J]. 机械强度,2026,48(7):183-190.
Dai Jiangliang,Meng Xiangyu,Chen Qi. Simulation research on bottom crash test of power battery pack based on a specific vehicle[J]. Journal of Mechanical Strength,2026,48(7):183-190.
戴江梁,孟祥宇,陈琪. 基于某车型动力电池包底部撞击试验的仿真研究[J]. 机械强度,2026,48(7):183-190. DOI: 10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2026.07.021.
Dai Jiangliang,Meng Xiangyu,Chen Qi. Simulation research on bottom crash test of power battery pack based on a specific vehicle[J]. Journal of Mechanical Strength,2026,48(7):183-190. DOI: 10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2026.07.021.
目的
2
动力电池在充放电过程中表现出显著的应力及形变特性,这对电池的管理与成组设计提出了更高要求。为准确评估动力电池包在底部撞击试验中的结构强度状态及电池单体的安全健康状态,需明确界定单体电池在特定场景或工况下触发起火爆炸的临界侵入量。采用仿真手段对动力电池包底部撞击试验中结构的强度状态及电池单体的安全状态进行了准确预测,并基于数值试验模型,深入分析了撞击过程中的动力学响应特性与能量分配规律。
方法
2
首先,基于显式动力学理论与有限元方法,利用Abaqus软件构建了动力电池包底部撞击的显式非线性有限元数值模型;然后,计算并评估了关键部件的位移响应、等效塑性应变及系统的能量分布规律。
结果
2
结果表明,仿真预测的被撞击部件变形形状、侵入量及强度状态与试验实测结果高度吻合,底护板、液冷板和电池壳体侵入量的仿真精度分别为94.36%、98.80%、96.78%。球头对电池包底部的最大撞击力为27 299 N。撞击总能量的80.96%转换为底护板、液冷板与电池单体外壳的应变能,且核心部件的吸能占比与被侵入量成正相关特性。研究成果可为动力电池包底部安全防护方案的力学性能设计提供数字化评估方法与理论参考。
Objective
2
Significant stress and deformation characteristics are exhibited by power batteries during charging and discharging
and higher requirements are imposed on battery management and pack design accordingly. To accurately evaluate the structural strength state of power battery packs and the safety and health state of single cells in bottom impact tests
the critical intrusion amount that triggers fire and explosion of single cells under specific scenarios or working conditions shall be clearly defined. Accurate predictions of the structural strength state of power battery packs and the safety state of single cells in bottom impact tests were performed by means of simulation methods. Based on the numerical test model
the dynamic response characteristics and energy distribution laws during the impact process were thoroughly analyzed.
Methods
2
Firstly
a refined explicit dynamic finite element model for the bottom crash test of a power battery pack was established using Abaqus software. Secondly
the displacement
equivalent plastic strain
and energy distribution of the structures were calculated and evaluated.
Results
2
Simulation results show that the deformation shapes
intrusion amounts
and strength statuses of the impacted components are highly consistent with the test data. The simulation accuracies for the intrusion amounts of the bottom guard plate
liquid-cooled plate
and battery cell housing are 94.36%
98.80%
and 96.78%
respectively. The maximum impact force of the ball head reaches 27 299 N. Concurrently
80.96% of the total impact energy is converted into the strain energy of the main impacted components
and their energy absorption proportions correlate positively with the corresponding intrusion depths. These findings provide a valuable theoretical reference for the underbody safety protection design of battery packs.
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