1.四川大西洋焊接材料股份有限公司,自贡 643000
2.兰州理工大学 材料科学与工程学院,兰州 730050
徐晓龙,男,1988年生,四川自贡人,硕士研究生,高级工程师;主要研究方向为特种焊接材料研究及国产化工作;E-mail:xxlong666@126.com。
收稿:2026-01-26,
修回:2026-02-10,
网络首发:2026-07-17,
纸质出版:2026-07-15
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徐晓龙,窦贵山,姚军,等. 2.25Cr-1Mo-0.25V钢厚板焊缝金属不同位置的微观结构及冲击韧性[J]. 机械强度,2026,48(7):102-109.
Xu Xiaolong,Dou Guishan,Yao Jun,et al. Microstructure and impact toughness at different positions of weld metal in thick plate of 2.25Cr-1Mo-0.25V steel[J]. Journal of Mechanical Strength,2026,48(7):102-109.
徐晓龙,窦贵山,姚军,等. 2.25Cr-1Mo-0.25V钢厚板焊缝金属不同位置的微观结构及冲击韧性[J]. 机械强度,2026,48(7):102-109. DOI: 10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2026.07.012.
Xu Xiaolong,Dou Guishan,Yao Jun,et al. Microstructure and impact toughness at different positions of weld metal in thick plate of 2.25Cr-1Mo-0.25V steel[J]. Journal of Mechanical Strength,2026,48(7):102-109. DOI: 10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2026.07.012.
目的
2
2.25Cr-1Mo-0.25V钢多层、多道焊缝金属出现冲击功低值是石油化工行业重点关注的问题。研究厚板多层、多道焊缝金属在不同区域的微观组织及其对冲击韧性的影响,对于提升焊接结构的安全服役性能具有重要意义。
方法
2
首先,利用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜表征焊缝金属不同位置处的微观结构;然后,通过夏比冲击试验及显微硬度试验检测焊缝金属力学性能的稳定性。
结果
2
结果表明,不同位置处焊缝金属的微观结构均由铁素体、碳化物、马氏体-奥氏体组元和非金属夹杂物组成,但在中间位置(距上表面1/2位置)处冲击功出现低值(31 J),且该位置处的显微硬度低于距上表面1/4位置处的显微硬度。冲击韧性下降的主要原因是该区域微观组织的不均匀性,具体表现为晶粒粗大、非金属夹杂物尺寸较大,这些因素共同降低了局部区域的塑性变形能力,降低了变形程度,从而削弱了对裂纹形核与扩展的抵抗作用。解理裂纹易于早期形成并迅速扩展,导致塑性裂纹稳态扩展区的长度较短。因此,粗大晶粒与较大尺寸非金属夹杂物的共同作用使焊缝中间位置局部区域的冲击韧性显著降低。
Objective
2
Low impact energy occurring in multi-layer and multi-pass weld metal of 2.25Cr-1Mo-0.25V steel is a critical concern in the petrochemical industry. Investigating the microstructure in different regions of thick-plate multi-layer multi-pass weld metal and its influence on impact toughness is of great significance for improving the safe service performance of welded structures.
Methods
2
Firstly
optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy were adopted to characterize the microstructure at different positions of the weld metal. Afterwards
Charpy impact tests and microhardness tests were carried out to examine the stability of mechanical properties of the weld metal.
Results
2
The results reveal that the microstructure of weld metal at all tested positions consists of ferrite
carbides
Martensite-Austenite constituents and non-metallic inclusions. Nevertheless
the minimum impact energy of 31 J is obtained at the middle position (1/2 thickness from the top surface)
and the microhardness at this position is lower than that at the position 1/4 thickness from the top surface. The degradation of impact toughness mainly originates from the microstructural inhomogeneity in this region
manifested as coarse grains and large-sized non-metallic inclusions. These factors collectively reduce the plastic deformation capacity and degree of deformation of local areas
weakening the resistance to crack nucleation and propagation. Cleavage cracks tend to initiate at an early stage and propagate rapidly
resulting in a short steady-state propagation zone of ductile cracks. Consequently
the combined effect of coarse grains and large non-metallic inclusions drastically deteriorates the impact toughness of the local middle region of the weld.
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