1.中国航发北京航空材料研究院,北京 100086
2.航空材料检测与评价北京市重点实验室,北京 100086
3.中国航空发动机集团材料检测与评价重点实验室,北京 100086
4.沈阳航空航天大学 机电工程学院,沈阳 110136
5.飞行器快速试制技术研究教育部重点实验室,沈阳 110136
6.沈阳航空航天大学 航空制造工艺数字化国防重点实验室,沈阳 110136
7.沈阳飞机设计研究所,沈阳 110135
童第华,男,1985年生,吉林白城人,博士,高级工程师;主要研究方向为材料的疲劳与断裂;E-mail:tongdi133@163.com。
收稿:2024-09-20,
修回:2024-11-20,
网络首发:2026-07-17,
纸质出版:2026-07-15
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童第华,徐誉浩,黄研清,等. 不同温度下低合金钢的断裂韧性评价及材料性能适配选优模型[J]. 机械强度,2026,48(7):85-93.
Tong Dihua,Xu Yuhao,Huang Yanqing,et al. Fracture toughness evaluation and material performance optimization model of the low alloy steel at different temperatures[J]. Journal of Mechanical Strength,2026,48(7):85-93.
童第华,徐誉浩,黄研清,等. 不同温度下低合金钢的断裂韧性评价及材料性能适配选优模型[J]. 机械强度,2026,48(7):85-93. DOI: 10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2026.07.010.
Tong Dihua,Xu Yuhao,Huang Yanqing,et al. Fracture toughness evaluation and material performance optimization model of the low alloy steel at different temperatures[J]. Journal of Mechanical Strength,2026,48(7):85-93. DOI: 10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2026.07.010.
目的
2
核电用低合金钢长期服役于高温重载环境,现有断裂韧性评价方法缺乏量化断口形貌的数学手段,且未建立综合多性能参数的服役温度选优方法,因此,开展了不同温度下低合金钢断裂韧性评价及性能适配选优研究。
方法
2
首先,依据ASTM E8/E8M-22、ASTM E21-20及ASTM E1820标准,开展23、50、350 ℃条件下的拉伸与断裂韧性试验,获取材料力学性能与断裂韧性数据;其次,采用光学显微镜与扫描电子显微镜,分析不同温度下材料显微组织与断口形貌的变化规律;然后,提出韧-脆转换区域长度比作为断裂韧性的新评价指标,建立其与断裂韧性的量化关系;最后,构建考虑断裂韧性、有效屈服强度和断后延伸率的适配性(Fracture toughness-yield strength-Elongation
FYE)选优模型,求解最优服役温度。
结果
2
结果表明,当温度从23 ℃升高至350 ℃时,低合金钢断裂韧性平均值由0.703 9 kJ·mm
1/2
降低至0.431 6 kJ·mm
1/2
;铁素体含量降低、贝氏体含量升高,位错阻碍作用减弱是断裂韧性下降的主要机制;韧-脆转换长度比与断裂韧性呈指数关系,可快速预测材料断裂韧性;FYE选优模型计算得到最优服役温度为130 ℃,为核电关键部件设计提供参考。
Objective
2
Low alloy steel for nuclear power is prone to damage under long-term service in high-temperature and heavy-load environments. Existing fracture toughness evaluation methods lack mathematical means for quantifying fracture morphology
and no service temperature optimization method integrating multiple performance parameters has been established. Research on fracture toughness evaluation and performance adaptation optimization of low alloy steel at different temperatures was carried out.
Methods
2
Firstly
tensile and fracture toughness tests were conducted at 23 ℃
50 ℃ and 350 ℃ in accordance with ASTM E8/E8M-22
ASTM E21-20 and ASTM E1820 standards to obtain material mechanical properties and fracture toughness data. Secondly
optical microscope and scanning electron microscope were used to analyze the variation laws of material microstructure and fracture morphology at different temperatures. Then
the length ratio of ductile-brittle transition zone was proposed as a new evaluation index of fracture toughness
and the quantitative relationship between it and fracture toughness was established. Finally
the fracture toughness-yield strength-elongation (FYE) optimization model considering fracture toughness
effective yield strength and elongation after fracture was constructed to solve the optimal service temperature.
Results
2
The results show that when the temperature increases from 23 ℃ to 350 ℃
the average fracture toughness of low alloy steel decreases from 0.703 9 kJ·mm
1/2
to 0.431 6 kJ·mm
1/2
. The decrease of ferrite content
increase of bainite content and weakening of dislocation hindrance are the main mechanisms for the reduction of fracture toughness. The length ratio of ductile-brittle transition zone has an exponential relationship with fracture toughness
which can quickly predict the fracture toughness of materials. The optimal service temperature calculated by the FYE optimization model is 130 ℃
which provides reference for the design of key nuclear power components.
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