1.华北电力大学 机械工程系,保定 071003
2.国能联合动力技术(保定)有限公司,保定 071003
何玉灵,男,1984年生,福建龙岩人,博士,教授,博士研究生导师;主要研究方向为电力设备状态检测及其故障诊断等;E-mail:heyuling1@163.com。
收稿:2025-06-28,
纸质出版:2026-06-15
移动端阅览
何玉灵,杨佳文,吴学伟,等. 不同功率下发电机绕组绝缘受载及性能分析[J]. 机械强度,2026,48(6):70-77.
HE Yuling,YANG Jiawen,WU Xuewei,et al. Load and performance analysis of generator winding insulation under variable power conditions[J]. Journal of Mechanical Strength,2026,48(6):70-77.
何玉灵,杨佳文,吴学伟,等. 不同功率下发电机绕组绝缘受载及性能分析[J]. 机械强度,2026,48(6):70-77. DOI: 10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2026.06.008.
HE Yuling,YANG Jiawen,WU Xuewei,et al. Load and performance analysis of generator winding insulation under variable power conditions[J]. Journal of Mechanical Strength,2026,48(6):70-77. DOI: 10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2026.06.008.
目的
2
风力发电机定子绕组绝缘在波动功率复合载荷下易发生热-机械老化损伤,严重危害运行安全。为此,针对定子绕组在变功率工况下的多物理场受载特征及绝缘性能退化规律开展系统研究。
方法
2
首先,以250 kW永磁同步风力发电机为对象,建立了端部绕组等效动力学与三维常温/瞬态热传导解析模型;其次,利用Ansys软件平台搭建了高保真电磁-热-结构多物理场耦合仿真流,计算了满载、半载、空载下的温度分布与振动频谱;最后,基于仿真边界,设计并搭建了热-机械多场联合的绝缘加速老化试验平台,对历经180 d变功率模拟老化后的绝缘试样进行了宏、微观机械、导热及介电性能测试。
结果
2
仿真与试验结果表明,随功率增加,铜耗及电磁激励激增,定子最高温度显著上升,且呈中间高、两端低及下层高于上层的非均匀分布。端部绕组振动受低阶电磁力主导,频谱以100 Hz的2倍频等偶数次谐波为主,且幅值随功率单调递增。经历加速老化后,绝缘带基体产生链断裂损伤;随功率增加,微观开裂加剧,弹性模量、导热系数及体积电阻率显著单调下降,而极性游离基滋生导致相对介电常数单调增加。
Objective
2
Winding insulation of wind generators suffers severe electro-thermal-mechanical degradation under fluctuating power profiles
endangering system reliability. This study systematically investigates the non-uniform load distributions and multi-property insulation evolution under variable operations.
Methods
2
Firstly
taking a 250 kW permanent magnet synchronous wind generator as the prototype
the electromechanical transient and three-dimensional heat transfer mathematical models were established. Secondly
high-fidelity electromagnetic-thermal-structural coupled finite element workflows were constructed via Ansys software platform to extract the spatiotemporal temperature matrices and vibration spectrums under full-power
half-power
and no-power conditions. Finally
guided by numerical boundaries
an test aging rig applying a 100 Hz sinusoidal mechanical preload (30 N for full-power
9.4 N for half-power) paired with prioritized gradient thermal units was customized to execute an accelerated electro-mechanical coupling aging process lasting 180 d. Microstructural
thermal
and dielectric characterizations were implemented to quantify the property degradation.
Results
2
Numerical diagnostics indicate that structural temperature fields display a highly non-uniform pattern (parabolic axially and hotter at lower layers)
with the peak equivalent temperature climbing steeply at full power due to intensified copper thermal dissipation. The end-winding vibration profiles are strictly governed by even-order harmonics dominated by the 2-fold frequency component (100 Hz)
where the peak amplitude scales up proportionally with output power. Empirical data verify that the accelerated aging breaks epoxy macromolecular chains; as the modeled power increases
microstructural fracturing accelerates
triggering monotonic reductions in the elastic modulus
thermal conductivity
and volume resistivity
whereas the multiplication of polar free radicals promotes the orientation polarization
thereby inducing a steady inflation in the relative dielectric constant.
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