江南大学 机械工程学院 江苏省食品先进制造装备技术重点实验室,无锡 214122
郭翔,男,1999年生,陕西咸阳人,在读硕士研究生;主要研究方向为机器学习与多尺度力学;E-mail:15961620818@163.com。
收稿:2025-01-21,
纸质出版:2025-12-15
移动端阅览
郭翔,宋智功. 基于物理信息神经网络的裂纹监测技术研究综述[J]. 机械强度,2025,47(12):18-30.
GUO Xiang,SONG Zhigong. Review on crack monitoring technology based on physics-informed neural networks[J]. Journal of Mechanical Strength,2025,47(12):18-30.
郭翔,宋智功. 基于物理信息神经网络的裂纹监测技术研究综述[J]. 机械强度,2025,47(12):18-30. DOI: DOI:10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2025.12.002.
GUO Xiang,SONG Zhigong. Review on crack monitoring technology based on physics-informed neural networks[J]. Journal of Mechanical Strength,2025,47(12):18-30. DOI: DOI:10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2025.12.002.
结构健康监测(Structural Health Monitoring
SHM)在确保基础设施安全、延长使用寿命和降低维护成本方面至关重要。然而,现有的监测方法通常依赖传感器数据和传统物理模型,在处理复杂力学行为、环境变化以及数据不足等问题时,往往存在一定的局限性。物理信息神经网络(Physics-Informed Neural Network
PINN)作为一种新兴的深度学习方法,将物理规律与数据驱动的特性相结合,提供了一种突破传统方法局限的新途径。首先,深入探讨了将已知的物理原理整合到机器学习框架中的方法,以及这些方法在结构健康监测中的应用效果。其次,讨论了多种将物理知识与机器学习模型融合的方法,分析了各自的优势与局限性。最后,重点综述了PINN在结构健康监测中的应用,特别是在损伤识别、裂纹扩展、寿命预测等方面的潜力。与传统方法相比,PINN在处理复杂结构问题时展现了显著优势。在将物理方程(如力学控制方程)嵌入到神经网络的训练过程中,PINN不仅能够有效处理数据不足和过拟合的问题,还能够提高结构健康评估的准确性和可靠性。
Structural health monitoring (SHM) plays a crucial role in ensuring infrastructure safety
extending service life
and reducing maintenance costs. However
existing monitoring methods usually rely on sensor data and traditional physical models
which exhibit certain limitations when addressing problems such as complex mechanical behaviors
environmental change
and data scarcity. As an emerging deep learning approach
physics-informed neural network (PINN) integrates physical laws with data-driven characteristics
offering a novel pathway to overcome the constraints of conventional methods. Firstly
the methods that incorporate the physical principles into machine learning frameworks and the effectiveness of these methods in structural health monitoring were thoroughly discussed. Secondly
multiple approaches for integrating physical knowledge with machine learning models were discussed
highlighting their respective advantages and limitations. Finally
the application of PINN in SHM was comprehensively reviewed
particularly their potential in damage identification
crack propagation analysis
and life prediction. Compared to traditional methods
PINN demonstrates significant advantages in handling complex structural problems. In the training process of embedding physical equations (e.g. mechanical governing equations) into the neural network
PINN not only effectively handles the problems of data scarcity and overfitting
but also improves the accuracy and reliability of structural health assessments.
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