1.国网河北省电力有限公司经济技术研究院,石家庄 050000
2.南京工业大学 土木工程学院,南京 211816
任亚宁,女,1986年生,河北沙河人,硕士,高级工程师;主要研究方向为输电线路结构研究;E-mail:840772394@qq.com。
收稿:2024-06-27,
修回:2024-10-23,
纸质出版:2026-04-15
移动端阅览
任亚宁,李军阔,王丽欢,等. 弹簧垫圈连接螺栓的防松性能试验与模拟研究[J]. 机械强度,2026,48(4):83-90.
REN Yaning,LI Junkuo,WANG Lihuan,et al. Test and simulation research on the anti-loosening performance of spring washer connecting bolts[J]. Journal of Mechanical Strength,2026,48(4):83-90.
任亚宁,李军阔,王丽欢,等. 弹簧垫圈连接螺栓的防松性能试验与模拟研究[J]. 机械强度,2026,48(4):83-90. DOI: 10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2026.04.010.
REN Yaning,LI Junkuo,WANG Lihuan,et al. Test and simulation research on the anti-loosening performance of spring washer connecting bolts[J]. Journal of Mechanical Strength,2026,48(4):83-90. DOI: 10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2026.04.010.
目的
2
针对横向振动工况下弹簧垫圈连接螺栓防松性能演化规律不明确、现行规范缺乏相关紧固转矩设计规定的问题,探究表面处理方式与紧固转矩对螺栓防松性能的影响机制,为输电铁塔螺栓连接防松设计提供参考。
方法
2
首先,以表面处理方式(镀锌、磷化)和紧固转矩(0.5、1.0、1.5倍标准转矩)为变量,开展横向振动试验,对比不同构造螺栓的预紧力衰减特性;其次,采用Ansys软件建立螺栓连接有限元模型,模拟振动过程中弹簧垫圈受力状态与螺纹区应力演化规律;然后,提出基于残余预紧力的防松性能定量评价方法,明确不同构造螺栓的防松效果差异;最后,完成模型有效性验证,保障研究结果的可靠性。
结果
2
结果表明,横向振动下螺栓预紧力衰减可划分为快速下降、缓慢下降与迅速松脱3个阶段;1.5倍标准转矩下,镀锌弹簧垫圈螺栓达到残余预紧力阈值的振动次数较镀锌平垫圈提升450%,防松效果最优;振动过程中弹簧垫圈与连接板始终保持接触,可使螺纹区受力更均匀;所提定量评价方法的分析结果显示,弹簧垫圈连接螺栓的平均防松性能为平垫圈的3倍。
Objective
2
Aiming at the unclear evolution law of anti-loosening performance of spring washer connecting bolts under transverse vibration and the lack of relevant tightening torque design provisions in current specifications
the influence mechanism of surface treatment methods and tightening torque on the anti-loosening performance of bolts is investigated to provide reference for the anti-loosening design of transmission tower bolt connections.
Methods
2
Firstly
transverse vibration tests were carried out with surface treatment methods (galvanizing
phosphating) and tightening torque (0.5
1.0
1.5 times the standard torque) as variables to compare the preload attenuation characteristics of bolts with different structures. Secondly
a finite element model of bolted connection was established by Ansys software to simulate the stress state of the spring washer and the stress evolution law of the thread area during vibration. Then
a quantitative evaluation method of anti-loosening performance based on residual preload was proposed to clarify the difference of anti-loosening effect of bolts with different structures. Finally
the validity of the model was verified to ensure the reliability of the research results.
Results
2
The results show that the preload attenuation of bolts under transverse vibration can be divided into three stages: rapid decline
slow decline and rapid loosening. Under 1.5 times the standard torque
the vibration cycles of the galvanized spring washer bolt reaching the residual preload threshold are 450% higher than those of the galvanized flat washer bolt
showing the optimal anti-loosening effect. The spring washer remains in contact with the connecting plate during vibration
which makes the stress distribution in the thread area more uniform. The proposed quantitative evaluation method shows that the average anti-loosening performance of bolts with spring washers is three times that of bolts with flat washers.
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