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荆楚理工学院 智能制造学院,荆门 448000
刘玲,女,1989年生,湖北钟祥人,硕士研究生,讲师;主要研究方向为机械强度与有限元分析;E-mail:liuling@jcut.edu.cn。
张力,男,1995年生,湖北沙洋人,博士研究生,讲师;主要研究方向为结构动载荷识别、结构健康监测;E-mail:zhangli@jcut.edu.cn。
收稿日期:2024-12-19,
修回日期:2025-02-24,
纸质出版日期:2025-08-15
移动端阅览
刘玲,杨晓明,张力. 基于经验模态分解的冲击载荷高效识别方法[J]. 机械强度,2025,47(8):82-90.
LIU Ling,YANG Xiaoming,ZHANG Li. Efficient impact load identification method using empirical mode decomposition[J]. Journal of Mechanical Strength,2025,47(8):82-90.
刘玲,杨晓明,张力. 基于经验模态分解的冲击载荷高效识别方法[J]. 机械强度,2025,47(8):82-90. DOI: 10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2025.08.010.
LIU Ling,YANG Xiaoming,ZHANG Li. Efficient impact load identification method using empirical mode decomposition[J]. Journal of Mechanical Strength,2025,47(8):82-90. DOI: 10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2025.08.010.
针对传统冲击载荷识别方法所需传感器数量多、采样频率高以及识别精度低等问题,提出了一种基于经验模态分解技术的冲击载荷识别新方法。利用经验模态分解技术分解了完整的冲击响应,并获取了模态加速度响应,通过度量模态加速度响应中未校正振型向量和振型矩阵列向量的共线性即可快速实现冲击定位。根据定位结果,构建了优化目标函数,采用高斯基函数对冲击载荷时间历程进行了拟合,并利用二维梯度下降法快速求解了最优拟合参数。在尺寸为600 mm×200 mm×3 mm的悬臂板上进行的试验表明,在仅使用一个加速度计的前提下,36次冲击定位测试的成功率为91.67%,并且重构结果的峰值相对误差和相对误差指标分别低于10%和40%。
Aiming at the problems of traditional impact load identification methods
such as the requirement for a large number of sensors
high sampling frequency
and low identification accuracy
a new impact load identification method based on empirical mode decomposition (EMD) technology was proposed.The EMD technology was used to decompose the complete impact response to obtain the modal acceleration response. The impact location was quickly realized by measuring the collinearity between the uncorrected mode shape vector and the column vector of the mode shape matrix in the modal acceleration response. According to the positioning results
an optimization objective function was constructed. The time history of the impact load was fitted by using the Gaussian basis function
and the optimal fitting parameters were quickly solved by using the two-dimensional gradient descent method.Tests conducted on a cantilever plate with dimensions of 600 mm×200 mm×3 mm show that with only one accelerometer
the success rate of 36 impact positioning tests is 91.67%. The peak relative error and relative error index of the reconstruction results are less than 10% and 40%
respectively.
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