To obtain the filling material with good compression mechanical properties, two kinds of orthogonal trapezoidal honeycomb aluminum with different structures were manufactured（90°orthogonal trapezoidal honeycomb aluminum and 45° orthogonal trapezoidal honeycomb aluminum）, the mechanical properties of the material under quasi-static axial loading was analyzed. Two kinds of orthogonal trapezoidal honeycomb aluminum were filled with polyurethane foam, and the effect of polyurethane filling on the orthogonal trapezoidal honeycomb aluminum was analyzed. The results show that compared with 45° orthogonal trapezoidal aluminum honeycomb, the performance of 90° orthogonal trapezoidal honeycomb aluminum is better, and the peak stress, plateau stress and unit volume absorption energy of the two kinds of orthogonal trapezoidal honeycomb aluminum are improved after polyurethane filling. However, the energy absorption efficiency is not significantly improved after being filled with polyurethane, and the strain corresponding to the maximum energy absorption efficiency decreases.