The mechanical properties of fiber reinforced composite aluminum honeycomb sandwich structure were studied by three-point bending test. The effects of different types of panels（carbon fiber panel, glass fiber panel, carbon fiber/glass fiber panel）, panel thickness and core aperture on failure modes, ultimate load and energy absorption were analyzed. The results show that the carbon fiber/aluminum honeycomb sandwich structure has stronger ultimate load and energy absorption than the other two structures. The thicker the panel, the smaller the core aperture, the stronger the ultimate load and energy absorption of the structure. The thickness of the panel has a great influence on the energy absorption, and the aperture of the core has a great influence on the ultimate load. The finite element simulation of carbon fiber/aluminum honeycomb sandwich structure and the comparative analysis of its failure and deformation process verify the validity of the model, and provide guidance and help for experimental design and analysis.