The present paper presents a numerical approach to investigate the surface layer residual stress after ultrasonic surface rolling process（USRP）,which is a severe plastic deformation process involving complex static extrusion and dynamic impact.According to the technological principle of USRP developed finite element model,assessment of meshing accuracy as well as definition of loading condition.As supplied 304 Austenitic Stainless Steel disc was subjected to ultrasonic surface rolling for validation of FEM,then simulates the processing of ultrasonic surface rolling,analysis of the residual stress field distribution characteristics and the influence of processing parameters on the rule.From the simulation results it can be seen that the surface of the material has a uniform distribution of residual compressive stress,with the increase of depth,the residual stress has a compressive stress peak and a smaller peak of the tensile stress and finally reduced to 0.The influence of machining parameters on the magnitude and depth of residual stress is different,the static pressure,the coverage rate and the number of processing have great influence on the amplitude and the amplitude is small.