A newly-developed precision seeder,model 2BFQ-6,combined multiple field tasks of seeding rapeseed,including straw chopping,rotary tillage,fertilizing,precision sowing,and straw covering into a single operation,has been expanded and applied in major rapeseed producing areas of China. Unfortunately,its reliability does not meet the need of production,which restricts its popular. In this paper,product reliability test and fault analysis of the combined seeder was proposed to improve its product reliability. A brand new seeder was conducted to work in rice stubble field lasting longer than 30 hectare in Jianli County,Hubei Province,in 2013. Trouble-free working time and area,phenomenon of the fault,repair time and the cause of the fault of the seeder in the course of the work were recorded and used for fault characteristics analysis. The results show that the key components of the seeder,like the main frame,gearbox and rotary drive axis have not fault yet,even if they are undertaking the most of load in working. The facts prove design reliability of the seeder is relatively high. By contrast,the glitches frequently appear initially,which is certainly abnormal. It caution that manufacturing process should be improved,especially for sprockets assembling and welding. Another significant finding is that the bolted connection of rotary blade and base would be loosen at a period of 5. 9-hour,which lead to the fault of the rotary tillage unit. Fault analysis indicates that the period of early fault is 30 hours and the fault rate conform to the feature of a bathtub curve. Real productivity of the seeder is 0. 36 hm~2/h,one working shift productivity is 2. 16 hm~2/d and the availability coefficient of the seeder was nearly 70%. When assembling and welding process are improved,weak components and unreasonable belt drive structure are revised and the connection of rotary blade and base are preventative maintained,the availability coefficient will be increased more than 97% and the real productivity of the seeder will be promoted to 0. 45 hm~2/h.