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1.东莞理工学院 机械工程学院,东莞 523808
2.东莞理工学院 生态环境与建筑工程学院,东莞 523808
ZHANG Weiwei, E-mail: zwwps@126.com
Received:26 August 2024,
Revised:2024-12-20,
Online First:17 July 2026,
Published:15 July 2026
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武静,林泽宇,杨颖锋,等. 基于超声合成孔径的孔缺陷成像与重构研究[J]. 机械强度,2026,48(7):148-155.
Wu Jing,Lin Zeyu,Yang Yingfeng,et al. Research on imaging and reconstruction of hole defects based on ultrasonic synthetic aperture[J]. Journal of Mechanical Strength,2026,48(7):148-155.
武静,林泽宇,杨颖锋,等. 基于超声合成孔径的孔缺陷成像与重构研究[J]. 机械强度,2026,48(7):148-155. DOI: 10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2026.07.017.
Wu Jing,Lin Zeyu,Yang Yingfeng,et al. Research on imaging and reconstruction of hole defects based on ultrasonic synthetic aperture[J]. Journal of Mechanical Strength,2026,48(7):148-155. DOI: 10.16579/j.issn.1001.9669.2026.07.017.
目的
2
针对超声波传播衰减导致缺陷回波幅值减小、漏检率升高,以及传统合成孔径成像受硬件成本与数据处理方法制约的问题,提出一种基于超声合成孔径的缺陷成像与三维重构方法,为金属构件内部孔缺陷检测提供参考。
方法
2
首先,采用单个圆形直探头结合合成孔径聚焦技术实现缺陷二维成像,以降低硬件成本与系统复杂度;其次,构造基于信号强度变化的自适应时间增益补偿曲线,对不同深度回波信号进行增益处理,以补偿声波衰减;然后,采用双线性插值提升图像分辨率,结合-6 dB阈值分割与Canny边缘检测算法完成缺陷定量分析;最后,引入动态阈值改进Marching Cubes算法,实现缺陷三维重构。
结果
2
结果表明,该方法可将孔缺陷直径检测相对误差从40%、74%降至9%、8.5%,轴向分辨率提升24.7%~32.5%,二维成像与三维重构运算效率分别提升16.9%、3.2%,能够快速、高质量完成金属构件内部缺陷检测。
Objective
2
Ultrasonic wave attenuation during propagation leads to reduced defect echo amplitude and increased missed detection rate. Meanwhile
traditional synthetic aperture imaging quality is constrained by hardware costs and data processing methods. A defect imaging and three-dimensional reconstruction method based on ultrasonic synthetic aperture was proposed to provide reference for internal hole defect detection of metal components.
Methods
2
Firstly
a single circular straight probe combined with synthetic aperture focusing technology was used to realize two-dimensional imaging of defects
so as to reduce hardware cost and system complexity. Secondly
an adaptive time gain compensation curve based on signal intensity variation was constructed to perform gain processing on echo signals at different depths
so as to compensate for acoustic wave attenuation. Then
bilinear interpolation was adopted to improve image resolution
and -6 dB threshold segmentation combined with Canny edge detection algorithm was applied to complete quantitative analysis of defects. Finally
dynamic threshold was introduced to improve the Marching Cubes algorithm for three-dimensional reconstruction of defects.
Results
2
The results show that the proposed method can reduce the relative error of hole defect diameter detection from 40% and 74% to 9% and 8.5%
and improve the axial resolution by 24.7%~32.5%. The operation efficiency of two-dimensional imaging and three-dimensional reconstruction is increased by 16.9% and 3.2% respectively
which can complete internal defect detection of metal components quickly and with high quality.
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