For the problems of system model inaccuracy, internal and external disturbances in active vibration control of an all-clamped plate structure, an active vibration control method based on an active disturbance rejection controller（ADRC） was introduced to suppress the structural vibration by using inertial actuators, and the effect of the bandwidth of the controller observer, the parameters of PD controller, the gain of controller on control performance were also studied. First, a state space model was established to model the all-clamped plate structure with the inertial actuator. Then, the three-order linear extended state observer was used to estimate the uncertainties and state variables for the whole vibration control system. Additionally, the influence of each parameter of ADRC on the vibration control was also theoretically analyzed to achieve the excellent vibration suppression performance. Finally, based on NI-PCIe 6343 acquisition card, a hardware-in-the-loop experiment platform was set up in the desktop real-time of Matlab/Simulink to verify the vibration performances of ADRC and the accuracy of the theoretical analysis. The results show that the ADRC algorithm is feasible for vibration control. When other parameters of the controller remain unchanged, in a certain range, increasing the bandwidth of the controller observer or decreasing the gain of controller can improve the control performance, but adjusting the parameters of PD controller have little effect on the control performance.